Method and apparatus for manipulating and transporting image media

ABSTRACT

A conveying mechanism and flexible carrier for transporting a planar printing plate and flexible overlying mask from a flat loading station to a precisely-curved cylindrically-shaped scanning station, and back to the flat loading station, is disclosed. The vacuum carrier used is rigid in one axis and flexible in a second axis, and has a pair of reference strips which define a neutral bending axis for the plate and mask when the latter are wrapped around a pair of precisely machined cylindrical discs. By locating the flexible mask and printing plate outside the neutral axis of bending, both are placed in tension when wrapped around the discs. This maintains uniform contact between the plate and mask and prevents wrinkling of the mask as it overlies the plate. 
     The carrier and discs support the plate and mask within a precise and uniform cylindrical plane for scanning with focussed beams of radiation. The transport mechanism applies a vacuum to the carrier while in its flat position and maintains the vacuum while wrapping the carrier around the spaced cylindrical reference discs. When the image scanning is completed, the transport mechanism returns the carrier to its flat state for unloading of the printing plate and mask.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 972,628, filed Dec. 22, 1978,now U.S. Pat. No. 4,262,594, issued Apr. 21, 1981.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transportingand manipulating flat image recording media from a flat loading stationinto a precise cylindrical plane for scanning thereof. It isparticularly adapted for use with one or more of the followingdisclosures:

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,738,088 issued June 12, 1973 entitled"Printing Plate Production Method and Apparatus"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,742,853 issued July 3, 1973 entitled "Methodof Forming a Relief Printing Plate"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,779,779 issued Dec. 18, 1973 entitled"Radiation Etchable Plate"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,816,659 issued June 11, 1974, entitled"Scanning Apparatus"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,945,318 issued Mar. 21, 1976, entitled"Printing Plate Blank and Image Sheet by Laser Transfer"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,991,145 issued Nov. 9, 1976, entitled "Methodof Making a Printing Plate from a Porous Substrate"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,999,918 issued Dec. 28, 1976 entitled"Printing Plate Made from a Porous Substrate"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 4,064,205 issued Dec. 20, 1977 entitled "Methodof Making a Printing Plate from a Porous Substrate"

Landsman, U.S. Pat. No. 4,131,916 to be issued on Dec. 26, 1978 entitled"Pneumatically Actuated Image Scanning Reader/Writer."

Each of the foregoing references is assigned to the assignee of thisapplication.

The present invention is particularly suited for use with thePneumatically Actuated Image Scanning Reader/Writer, U.S. Pat. Nos.4,131,916 and The Printing Plate Blank and Image Sheet by LaserTransfer, U.S. Pat. No. 3,945,318. In these earlier applications agrained aluminum printing plate is overlaid with a carbon black imagingmask and this pair of image receiving media is formed into a precisecylindrical plane for scanning by a focussed beam of energy from aninfrared laser. Whenever the beam impacts upon the carbon black imagingsheet, the carbon black is transferred to the aluminum plate. To obtainthe necessary resolution and transfer characteristics, it is necessarythat the entire sandwich of materials be formed into a precisecylindrical plane with a maximum radial variation of less than plus orminus 0.007 inches.

The invention is particularly suited to the rapid burning of printingplates for use in newspaper or other high-volume printing applications,wherein it is desirable to rapidly and inexpensively produce aluminumprinting plates direct from camera-ready art in the form of paste-upsheets and the like.

PRIOR ART STATEMENT

The problem of transporting a flat sheet of image receiving media to acurved exposure station has been addressed in a variety of photographic,xerographic, heat transfer, printing and stenciling processes. Theseprocesses have found use in facsimile machines, printing machines,platemakers and silk-screen presses. For convenience, the prior artreferences have been placed in groups with the most relevant referencesof each group discussed in detail.

FIRST GROUP OF PRIOR ART REFERENCES

The first group of prior art references, namely U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,293,657issued to D. Silverman on Dec. 20, 1966; 3,922,772 issued to SyldeEricsson on Dec. 2, 1975; and 3,958,250 issued to Arnaldo Rolon on May18, 1976 all relate to cylindrical drums wherein an image-sensitivematerial is adhered by vacuum to the inside or outside of the drum forscanning or recording purposes. This group is deemed relevant inasmuchas the printing plate and the mask of the instant invention are adheredto the carrier by vacuum after being curved into a cylindricalconfiguration. In each of the references the material is adhereddirectly to the drum by a vacuum drawn through perforations in the drum.Furthermore, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,293,657 and 3,958,250 each use smoothingrollers to roll the sensitized material against the drum surface.Applicant's invention may be distinguished from these references in thatapplicant uses a carrier for the sensitized material, and uses thecarrier and cylindrical discs to define a precise cylindrical plane forscanning and exposure of the material.

SECOND GROUP OF PRIOR ART REFERENCES

The second group of prior art references is distinguished from the firstgroup in that they teach the exposure of one or more sheets ofsensitized material in a cylindrical plane. This group of referencesincludes U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,560,696 issued to W. C. Huebner on July 17,1951 and 3,170,381, issued to W. Wanielista on Feb. 23, 1965 andassigned to the assignee of the present application. Both of thesereferences disclose the use of a thin transparent cover sheet whichseals the openings in the drum through which the vacuum is drawn. Itshould also be noted that these prior art devices use adhesive tapearound the exterior periphery of the multiple sandwich to isolate thesandwich from contact with the outside air. Applicant's device may becontrasted with these references in that the present invention uses avacuum carrier to maintain the plate and mask in an intimaterelationship for exposure and does not require the use of adhesive tape.While the efficacy of adhesive tape is not disputed, it is not wellsuited for use in a high-volume platemaking apparatus.

THIRD GROUP OF PRIOR ART REFERENCES

The third group of prior art references is distinguished from theforegoing groups in that each of the following references uses acontinuous strip of material that is wrapped around or within acylindrical drum for exposure. These references are U.S. Pat. Nos.1,746,407 issued to F. Schroter et al. on Feb. 11, 1930; 1,792,264issued to E. F. W. Alexanderson on Feb. 10, 1931; and 3,303,507 issuedto F. E. Lehner et al. on Feb. 7, 1967. The Lehner reference bears thegreatest similarity to applicant's device in that it uses an energysource, a turbo shaft, and a rotating spinning mirror within thecylindrical drum to focus the radiant energy upon the sensitizedmaterial. It should be noted, however, that the Lehner and Alexandersonreferences disclose the use of a transparent drum for the focalreference plane. While this method is suitable for photogrphic exposure,it is not suited to the use of a laser beam wherein precise amounts offocussed infrared energy are impinged upon the imaging mask. The gasesgenerated within the confined space by the heat and energy transferwould distort the materials and damage the transparent platen. It shouldbe pointed out that applicant's invention may be further distinguishedfrom these references in that applicant uses a flexible vacuum carrierfor supporting materials in the precise cylindrical plane.

FOURTH GROUP OF PRIOR ART REFERENCES

The fourth group of prior art references has been grouped togetherbecause each one uses a card or other similar resilient substrate forreceiving the image recorded thereon. The references, namely U.S. Pat.Nos. 1,584,897 issued to C. H. Haynes on July 14, 1925; 2,153,917 issuedto P. G. Exline on Apr. 11, 1939; and 2,511,892 issued to Ralph Wise onJune 20, 1950, all teach the use of a drum or pair of cylinders tosupport a relatively stiff card for recording purposes. The onlysimilarity between these references and applicant's invention is the useof the relative stiffness of one of the image receiving media.

Applicant's invention is particularly suited to the use of a resilientaluminum plate and flexible carbon black mask. In each case a naturalresilience of the aluminum plate, or of the card stock material of theprior art application, is used in forming the precise cylindricalsurface. Beyond this similarity, however, these references are notdeemed relevant to applicant's invention.

FIFTH GROUP OF PRIOR ART REFERENCES

All of the prior art references in the fifth group are related to thesame device and disclose different inventions that were used in itsperfection. They include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,649,034 issued to C. Jelinek,Jr., on July 28, 1953; 2,672,503 issued to F. G. Hallden et al. on Mar.16, 1954; and 2,816,001 issued to F. G. Hallden et al. on Dec. 10, 1957.The relevance of this group of references is best illustrated in FIG. 21and FIGS. 30-32 of U.S. Pat. No. 2,672,503. (See columns 13-14.) Thesereferences disclose a phosphor bronze carrier for supporting the cardstock and for bending the carrier around a pair of cylindrical flanges,as illustrated in FIG. 30.

In the preferred embodiment of applicant's invention, phosphor bronzereference strips are used in cooperation with a pair of spacedcylindrical discs to define a precise cylindrical plane and a neutralaxis of curvature at their respective points of contact. The selectionof the neutral axis of curvature is critical in the formation of aprecise cylindrical plane with plural substrates. Whenever pluralsubstrates are bent into a curved plane, one of the materials mustnecessarily slide with respect to the other or bending and wrinkling ofthe thinner substrate will result. Applicant's invention uses a carrierwhich places the image receiving media outside the neutral axis ofcurvature so that each part of the plural substrate is tensioned withrespect to the neutral axis of curvature.

In the Hallden reference, U.S. Pat. No. 2,672,503 the material to beexposed is placed on the inside of the phosphor bronze carrier, andconsequently is inside the axis of curvature defined between thephosphor bronze carrier and the cylindrical flanges. Hallden isconcerned with only a single substrate and uses the flanges 187 tosecure the image receiving material to the carrier. While this might besuitable for use with a relatively small card, it is not suitable foruse with large printing plates spanning 15 to 20 inches withoutintermediate support. Applicant's device may be further contrasted fromthis group of references in that applicant uses a vacuum carrier with aplurality of longitudinally stiffening support members to ensure thatthe image receiving media is supported in a precise cylindrical planeacross its entire area.

Finally, Applicant cites U.S. Pat. No. 3,966,187 issued to MichelBeduchaud on June 29, 1976 entitled "Device for Loading a Sheet on aRotating Drum." While the mechanical means used to carry out theconversion of a flat sheet to a cylindrical plane by winding andunwinding is substantially different than the mechanical device used byapplicant, it is felt that this reference is relevant to portions ofapplicant's method of transporting and forming an image receiving mediato a precise curvature. Applicant's method claims may be distinguishedfrom this reference in that applicant uses a vacuum to adhere the imagereceiving media to the carrier which is, in turn, gripped by the drum.In the Beduchaud reference the paper is gripped directly by, and rotatedaround, the drum.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to disclose a methodand apparatus for transporting a flat image receiving media from a firstflat work station to a precisely curved image scanning work station andreturning it to the flat work station. It is a further object of thisinvention to disclose a method and apparatus that will maintain aprecise cylindrical curvature wherein the focal plane defined by theapparatus does not vary more than plus or minus 0.007 inches.

It is an additional object of this invention to disclose a method andapparatus whereby uniform contact may be maintained between a relativelystiff substrate and a flexible overlying substrate when the two arecurved into a precise cylindrical plane with the flexible substrate onthe inside of the cylindrical plane.

Yet another object of the present invention is to disclose a method andapparatus for achieving a neutral axis of curvature for pluralsubstrates whereby wrinkling or separation of the substrates when theyare bent into a precise cylindrical curvature is avoided.

It is also an object of the present invention to disclose a method andapparatus for scanning and exposing a plurality of printing plates andcarriers in a single operation, and to provide a method and apparatusfor rapidly loading, exposing, and unloading said plates in a scanningmechanism wherein the production rate of the mechanism is of primaryimportance.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanism whichmay be used for transporting any flat image receiving media from a firstplanar work station to a curved work station wherein the material may beexposed by any one of a variety of energy sources. It is a furtherobject of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for supportingan image receiving media in a precise cylindrical plane to provideextremely high resolution when the image receiving media is exposed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric and cutaway view of the vacuum carrier of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross section of the vacuum carrier taken along Section Line2--2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the vacuumcarrier, illustrating the neutral axis of curvature.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross section of a portion of the carrierillustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is an isometric and diagramatic view of the carrier and transportmechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross section view taken along Section Line 6--6 of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a diagramatic view of the transport mechanism and carrier ofthe present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagramatic view of two carriers and the transport mechanismof the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagramatic view of the transport mechanism and of twocarriers formed into a cylinder.

FIG. 10 is a diagramatic view of a laser scanning apparatus using thecarriers and transport mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagramatic view of the mechanism illustrated in FIG. 9which further illustrates the banding straps of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 is an isometric, partial cross-sectional view of the carrier ofthe present invention. This carrier is particularly adapted to be usedin a laser platemaking system that reads and writes on concavecylindrical surfaces. The latter device has a pair of rotating laserbeams focused on theoretical surfaces that are defined by pairs ofrotating discs having precise radii. The circumferential surfaces ofeach spaced pair of discs define precise cylindrical reference planestherebetween.

The plate materials that are to be read or written upon are thin, flatand flexible and are placed on the carrier illustrated in FIG. 1, in aflat position. They are then drawn smoothly into engagement with thecarrier by means of vacuum, before being carried into the machine andaround the discs. When the carrier is clamped tightly to the precisiondiscs it then produces the precise cylindrical reference plane requiredto hold the materials at the focus of the laser beams. For the foregoingreasons, the vacuum carrier must be designed and constructed so as toaccept the flat, flexible materials with simple handling motions and toalign them accurately to their reference locations before they aresucked down smoothly into contact with the surface of the carrier by theapplication of vacuum. The transport of the carrier into the correctreference location inside the machine must be accomplished quickly andprecisely so that the resultant concave interior surface produced by thecarrier becomes accurately cylindrical within the plus or minus 0.007inch focal budget defined by the laser focusing system. To produce thiscylindrical surface the carrier must be resilient in its longitudinaldirection, as illustrated in FIG. 1, and stiff in its lateral direction,with rigid cross bars to prevent flexing thereof when the carrier iswrapped around the pair of spaced cylindrical discs.

The materials to be written on in the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention were more precisely described in my prior U.S. Pat.No. 3,945,318 issued Mar. 21, 1976 and entitled "Printing Plate Blankand Image Sheet By Laser Transfer." It is to be understood that thepresent invention is not restricted to such a printing plate and lasermask combination, and has far and wide application wherever plural imagereceiving media are to be formed into cylindrical planes for purposes ofexposure to radiant energy.

One problem that is solved with the present invention is that ofwrinkling of the innermost image receiving media when it is compressedduring the curving or cylinder forming operation. In the presentinvention, a relatively stiff aluminum printing plate is covered with athin, flexible plastic laser mask, and the two are formed into a precisecylindrical plane. Wrinkles are avoided by positioning both the aluminumprinting plate and the laser mask outside the neutral axis of curvaturefor the combined plural media. This is done by placing the sides of thecarrier a pair of reference strips having a high modulus of elasticity,and positioning these strips above the supporting surface of thecarrier. When the carrier is curved, the metal bands which constitutethe reference strips are placed into contact with the cylindrical discsand define a smaller radius of curvature than that of the combinedplural substrate. The thin flexible laser mask is stretched slightlywith respect to these reference strips, and the elastomeric base of thecarrier is stretched even further. The application of a stretching forceto the composite substrate during curvature prevents the formation ofwrinkles in the thin laser mask material.

The Carrier

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the carrier 10 comprises a flexiblesupport member 11 that defines first and second reference planes 12 and13 (illustrated in FIG. 2) for receiving first and second recordingmedia wherein the second media overlies the first. The carrier alsoincludes a plurality of longitudinal braces 14 which provide stiffnessalong one planar axis of the carrier whereby the carrier is maderelatively rigid in one dimension but flexible in its second dimension.The carrier also defines a pair of reference strips 15 and 16 which aremounted, perpendicular to longitudinal braces 14, on the flexiblesupport member 11 on either side of the first and second referenceplanes 12 and 13. A plurality of vacuum passageways 17 are definedwithin the first reference plane by the flexible carrier 11, to exhaustair trapped between the first image recording media and the carrier. Inthe preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier also includes aperforated elastic sheet 18 having a plurality of openings 19 thatcommunicate with the vacuum channels 17 to aid in exhausting air frombetween the first image media and the carrier.

The carrier also defines a peripheral vacuum channel 20 which extendsaround the first reference plane 12 and is used to evacuate air betweenthe first and second image recording media, and from between the secondrecording media and the carrier. It is to be understood the second mediaor laser mask overlies the first recording media or aluminum printingplate and extends beyond the printing plate on all four sides to coverthe vacuum channel 20. If desired, the carrier may also include a pairof retaining flaps 21 and 22 which are hingedly mounted on the flexiblesupport member immediately adjacent reference strips 15 and 16 to extendinwardly and cover the parallel edges of the second recording media whenthe carrier is inserted into the transport mechanism.

The carrier includes an air manifold means generally indicated at 23.Manifold 23 is adapted to be engaged by a carrier engaging means to bedescribed hereinafter. It interconnects the air passageways 17 and theperipheral vacuum channel 20 with the vacuum passageways 46 defined bythe carrier engaging means 38. During operation of the device, a vacuumis established via the carrier engaging means 38, vacuum passageways 46,manifold means 23, peripheral vacuum channel 20, and the openings 19 toexhaust air entrapped between the first and second overlying imagerecording media, and between the first media and reference plane 13.Carrier 10 also defines a pair of registration openings 24, 25 adaptedto engage a pair of registration pins mounted on the carrier engagingmeans.

The unique construction of the carrier is more fully described withrespect to FIGS. 3 and 4. As illustrated in FIG. 4, which greatlyexaggerates the relative thicknesses of the various components in orderto more clearly illustrate the principles involved in the operation ofthe carrier and transport mechanism, carrier 10 includes an elastomericsubstrate 11 defining a first reference plane for receiving an aluminumprinting plate 26, and a second reference plane for receiving a thinflexible laser mask 27.

As was more fully described in my previously-referenced prior U.S.Patents, the present invention is particularly adapted for use with alaser source 50, a laser beam modulator 51, beam expander 51a and ahelical scanning means 52 that provides a precisely focused beam oflaser energy 53 which impacts on the laser mask 27. Laser mask 27comprises a thin flexible transparent plastic substrate having a carbonblack layer thereon. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, ithas been found that a laser mask of approximately 0.003" thickness isquite suitable in effecting selective transfer of carbon black to thealuminum printing plate 26. In contrast, a grained aluminum printingplate 26 is on the order of 0.012" thick and is carried by the flexiblecarrier, which is approximately 0.75" thick.

The "focal budget" for the focused laser beam 53 is plus or minus 0.007inches across the surface of the carrier in the preferred embodiment.The preferred embodiment is particularly suited to the rapid productionof newspaper printing plates having dimensions of approximately 17"×24-.Thus it can be seen that in order to achieve the required imageresolution image resolution the cylindrical plane must be preciselydefined. In actual practice with the preferred embodiment, it has beenfound that resolution on the order of 100 to 130 lines per inch isachieved with the present invention. This renders it suitable forvirtually all printing applications inasmuch as most newspapers areprinted with 55 to 85 lines per inch resolution.

The carbon black layer 27a is transferred from the laser mask to thealuminum substrate 26 by means of the focussed beam of energy 53 whilethe scanning apparatus 52 is rotating at speeds as high as 6,000 rpm atthe axis of the cylindrical plane. Certain dimensional tolerances aretherefore necessary to accomodate the characteristics of the optical andscanning components. The total focal budget of plus or minus 0.007inches must include all of the optical and scanning errors, and leaves atrue focal budget for the aluminum plate and the carbon black layer ofapproximately plus or minus 0.003 to 0.004 inches. Thus it can be seenthat it is essential that the carbon black mask overlie the aluminumplate smoothly, without wrinkles or air bubbles that would otherwisedestroy the resolution of the image transferred to the printing plate.An air bubble or wrinkle will lift the carbon black layer illustrated inFIG. 4 upwardly out of the critical zone of focus for the laser beam 53.In addition, the carbon black will drift or scatter as it transfers fromthe transparent substrate 27 to the aluminum plate 26 if there is anysignificant separation between the two layers. Hence it is critical thatthe laser mask shall adhere intimately to the aluminum plate 26 duringthe scanning operation.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the vacuum passageway 17 and openings 19exhaust any air lying between carrier 10 and aluminum printing plate 26.The vacuum channel 20 exhausts any air lying between the laser mask 27and the aluminum plate 26 and any air lying between the laser mask 27and the carrier substrate 11. The flexible flaps 22 define a means toretain the plate and laser mask in position in the event of loss ofvacuum adhesion between the substrates. As will be hereinafterdescribed, the transport mechanism further defines a roller mechanismthat will engage the upper surface of the second recording media 27 totraverse the media as the carrier is fed into the transport mechanism.This roller thereby rolls out any air that is trapped between the firstimage recording media 26 and the second image recording media 27.

The initial attempts to form plural image receiving media into a precisecylindrical plane were fraught with many difficulties. When the combinedsubstrate, including a relatively stiff plate 26 and a thin flexiblemember 27, was rolled into a cylindrical plane with the thin flexiblemask on the inside, wrinkling invariably resulted. In any curvingoperation involving plural media, one media must slide relative to theother as their respective radii of curvature change. The presentinvention solves the problem of curving plural media into a precisecylindrical plane, and avoids wrinkling of the innermost image receivingmedia.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, it was found that if the carrier 10 isequipped with relatively stiff reference strips 16 having a modulus ofelasticity in excess of that of any member of the substrate, thereference strips will define a radius of curvature R1 with respect tothe precise cylindrical discs when the carrier is wrapped around thediscs. Radius R1 then becomes the neutral axis of curvature, with anyradii smaller than R1 being located inside the neutral axis of curvatureand any radii greater than R1 being located outside the neutral axis ofcurvature. As is shown in FIG. 3, the thin flexible laser mask 27 liesat radius R2, outside the neutral axis of curvature. This means that asthe laser mask is curved into the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3 itis also being stretched slightly with respect to its original flatdimension. Furthermore, R3 illustrates the radius of curvature of thealuminum plate, which also lies outside the neutral axis of curvatureR1. The aluminum plate 26 is also tensioned with respect to its originalflat dimension. Radius R4 indicates the innermost dimension of theelastomeric substrate 11 of carrier 10, which is now tensioned withrespect to its original dimension in its flat form. R5 illustrates theradius of the outermost layer of the elastomeric substrate 11 which hasbeen substantially tensioned with respect to its original dimension. Asillustrated in FIG. 3, the longitudinal stiffening means 14 are spacedapart from one another and are essentially free to expandcircumferentially as elastomeric substrate 11 expands.

In FIG. 3, R1 defines the "neutral axis of curvature" or the "precisecylindrical plane" of the present invention, while R4 defines the firstreference plane for receiving a first image recording media. Thisreference plane is defined by the upper surface 18a of layer 18, asillustrated in FIG. 4. The carrier 10 also defines the second referenceplane for receiving a second image recording media. The second referenceplane is defined by the upper surface 11a of the elastomeric member 11,and constitutes R3 illustrated in FIG. 3.

While the present invention has been described with respect to a lasermask and aluminum plate for use in apparatus for the production ofprinting plates by laser scanning, it should be understood that theinvention is by no means limited to this environment. Applicant'sinvention, for example, has utility in the contact printing of aluminumprinting plates from overlying photographic negatives, usingconventional ultraviolet or other photo-actinic light sources.

The Transport Mechanism

The transport mechanism for transporting carrier 10 from its flatposition to a precise cylindrical plane, and then back to its initialposition, is illustrated in FIGS. 5-11 inclusive.

As shown in FIG. 5, carrier 10 is placed upon a flat support member 30which is positioned to feed the carrier into tangential engagement witha pair of spaced cylindrical discs 31, 32 in which the "cylindricalreference discs" of the present invention are defined by inwardlyextending flanges 33 and 34. The pair of spaced cylindrical discs aremounted for rotation about a common axis, as illustrated in FIG. 5, bydrive means 35, chain 36 and sprocket drive wheel 37 secured to disc 31.The spaced cylindrical discs 31, 32 also carry a pair of gripping meansgenerally indicated at 38 and 39, one of which can engage carrier 10 andsecure it to flanges 33, 34 of the discs. After a carrier has beenengaged by gripping means 38, motor means 35 will rotate the discs towrap the carrier around the discs whereby the planar surface of thecarrier is formed into a precise cylindrical plane concentric with theaxis of the discs.

In the preferred embodiment, the cylindrical discs have two carrierengaging or gripping means 38 and 39 spaced approximately 180 degreesapart on the cylindrical plane. These are adapted to engage a pair ofcarriers for a single scanning operation. While two carriers and twogripping means are disclosed in the present invention, it should beunderstood that a larger number of carriers could be retained on thediscs if multiple gripping means were provided around the periphery ofdiscs 31, 32.

In operation, the first and second image receiving media aresuperimposed on a carrier 10 at the position illustrated in FIGS. 5, 7.This carrier defines a pair of flexible reference strips 15, 16 onopposite sides of the image receiving media. The flexible carrier isthen moved manually into engagement with gripping means 38 attached tothe pair of spaced cylindrical reference discs 33, 34 wherein thesediscs define a precise cylindrical reference plane therebetween. Avacuum is drawn through vacuum holes 46, gripping means 38, plenum 23,and the vacuum passageways of carrier 10 to exhaust the air from betweenthe image receiving media and the surface of the carrier. Aftersufficient vacuum has been achieved the discs are automatically rotatedby drive means 35 to draw the flexible carrier around discs 33, 34 withthe reference strips 15 and 16 contacting the discs.

As shown in FIG. 8, a second carrier 10b is then positioned on thesupport surface, to be engaged by the second gripping means 39. Ascarrier 10b is brought into tangential engagement with discs 33, 34, thegripping means 39 draws a vacuum through manifold 23b to secure theimage recording media to the carrier. After the vacuum has been achievedthe discs will again be rotated 180 degrees by drive means 35 to theposition illustrated in FIG. 9.

As illustrated in FIG. 9, a first carrier 10 has been wrapped inone-half of a precise cylindrical plane, while a second carrier 10bforms the other half of the cylindrical plane. In this way maximum useis made of the helical scanning mechanism, which scans the entire innersurface of the cylindrical reference planes defined by carriers 10 and10b.

Referring again to FIG. 5, a pressure roller 42 is positioned across thewidth of support surface 30 to engage carrier 10 as it is brought intotangential engagement with discs 33, 34. Roller 42 is suspended fromsupport frame 43 and is biased downwardly against carrier 10 by means ofsprings located in the tensioning means 44, 45. Roller 42 isparticularly adapted to engage the upper surface of the second imagerecording media 27 as the carrier is drawn into engagement with thegripping means 38. After the vacuum has been drawn by gripping means 38,and the discs begin to rotate, roller means 42 will traverse the surfaceof said second image recording media to thereby roll out any air trappedbetween the first and second image recording media.

The gripping means of the present invention is more fully disclosed inFIG. 6. The gripping means 38 includes a manifold member 38a which has aplurality of apertures 46 defined therein which are adapted to engagemanifold means 23 defined on flexible carrier 10. The air is exhaustedfrom the manifold 38a through conduit 47 and a coiled flexible conduit48. The coiled flexible conduit is then connected to a vacuum pumplocated in the frame of the device for exhausting the air through thecoiled vacuum hose 48, conduit 47, manifold 38a, apertures 46, manifold23, vacuum passageways 17, and peripheral vacuum channel 20. The coiledflexible vacuum conduit 48 permits rotation of the discs as they loadand unload the carriers.

The carrier engaging or gripping means illustrated in FIG. 6 ispositioned to load a carrier. An air cylinder 49 has engaged the carrierclamp 60 and drawn it downwardly against the preloaded spring biasexerted by springs 61 and 62.

The operator initiates the loading operation by manually inserting aloaded carrier into the carrier engaging clamp 60. As the carrier isinserted, registration pins 63, 64 will engage the registration openings24, 25 on the carrier and correctly align the carrier. An electricalcontact (not shown) is made by the leading edge of the carrier 10 as itis inserted into the carrier clamp 60. This insertion initiates theautomatic loading of the carrier 10. After the contacts (not shown) arebridged by the carrier, the electrical circuitry disengages air cylinder49, which allows spring 61, 62 to bias the carrier manifold 23 intoengagement with the vacuum manifold 38a. After a vacuum is establishedthrough the carrier, a vacuum transducer (not shown) initiates the motormeans 35 to rotate discs 31, 32. The discs are retained for rotation inthe frame of the device by means of a plurality of equally spacedsupport rollers 65, 66 and 67. As illustrated in FIG. 6, rollers 65 and65a are engaging the outer surface of discs 31 and 32 to support themfor rotation about a common axis. Roller 65a is connected to the frame66 of the device by means of an adjustment means 67. The use of anadjustment means on the rollers provides for precise positioning of theaxis of rotation of the discs. In the preferred embodiment, it was foundthat three equally spaced support rollers provided accurate registrationof the cylindrical reference plane with respect to the axis of the laserscanning apparatus.

The present invention includes a pair of banding straps 83, 84 shown inFIG. 6 which are secured to the gripping means 38. Strap 83 is providedfor disc 31, while strap 84 is provided for disc 32. As the discs 31, 32rotate, the straps 83, 84 are wrapped around the outside of carrier 10to force the reference strips 15, 16 into firm engagement withcylindrical reference discs 33, 34.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the banding strap 83 is stored on a take upreel 85 attached to an air motor 87 mounted below cylindrical disc 31. Asimilar take up reel and motor (not shown) is provided for banding strap84 below disc 32.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, the spaced cylindrical disc 31 has rotated180 degrees and has unwound banding strap 83. When the second carrier isengaged by gripping means 39, the cylindrical disc 31 again rotatesthrough 180 degrees to bring gripping means 38 back to its originalposition, as shown in FIG. 9. The banding straps 83 and 84 thencompletely surround carriers 10 and 10b and an air brake is actuated ineach of the air motors. After the air brakes have been set, air cylinder86 is used to apply tension to banding strap 83 and a corresponding aircylinder (not shown) is used to tension banding strap 84. As bandingstraps 83, 84 are tensioned they force the reference strips 15, 16 ofcarrier 10 and reference strips 15b and 16b of carrier 10b into firmmating engagement with the cylindrical reference discs 33 and 34. Whenthe carriers are secured and the banding straps have been tensioned, thefirst and second image recording media 26, 27 in each carrier areexposed to a helically scanned beam of modulated radiant energy focusedon the media at the precise cylindrical reference plane. After theprinting plates have been written, rotation of the cylindrical discs isinitiated in the reverse direction, and carrier 10b is backed out ofengagement with the spaced cylindrical discs and onto support surface 30as illustrated in FIG. 9. After carrier 10b has been manually removed,the discs are rotated a second 180 degrees to disengage carrier 10 fromdiscs 33 and 34. As indicated in FIG. 6, air solenoid 49 engages bracketmeans 59 mounted on the underside of retaining bar 60 and withdraws bar60 each time that a carrier is withdrawn from the machine.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, the preferred embodiment of the deviceutilizes a pair of cylindrical reference surfaces 70, 71. The first pairof spaced cylindrical discs 72, 73 define a reading station and thesecond pair of spaced support discs 74, 75 define a writing station.Traveling between the reading and writing station is a helical laserscanning apparatus generally indicated at 76 which is more fullydescribed in my current co-pending application which will issue as U.S.Pat. No. 4,131,916 on Dec. 26, 1978 entitled "Pneumatically ActuatedImage Scanning Reader/Writer." The beam from a helium neon laser 77 isreflected through mirrors 78 and 79 to read the indicia-carrying copywhich has been placed in a carrier and formed into the precisecylindrical reference plane 70. Corresponding printing plates arewritten by the beam from an infrared laser 80 reflected through mirrors81 and 82 to the helical scanning means 76 to provide a finely focusedbeam of laser energy at the cylindrical reference plane 71.

While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described indetail, it is to be understood that various modifications andalterations could be made without departing from its spirit.Accordingly, the invention is limited only insofar as is defined by thescope of the following claims.

I claim:
 1. An apparatus for transporting and forming a flat imagereceiving medium to a precise curvature for recording an image thereon,said apparatus comprising:(a) a pair of spaced cylindrical referencediscs mounted for rotation about a common axis, the periphery of saiddiscs defining a precise cylindrical plane therebetween; (b) a flexiblecarrier having a first leading edge, said flexible carrier being rigidin a first planar axis parallel to said leading edge and flexible in asecond planar axis at right angles to said first axis, said carrierhaving a pair of reference strips positioned to engage the spacedcylindrical discs, thereby to define a neutral axis of curvature attheir respective points of contact with the discs, said carrier alsodefining a planar surface for supporting and transporting an imagereceiving media; (c) gripping means carried by said cylindrical discsfor engaging and gripping said first leading edge of said carrier andsecuring it tangentially to the periphery of said discs; and (d) meansfor rotating said discs after said gripping means have engaged saidcarrier to wrap said carrier around said discs, whereby the planarsurface of said carrier is formed into a precise cylindrical planeconcentric with the axis of said discs.
 2. Apparatus for transportingand forming flat image receiving medium to a precise curvature forrecording an image thereon as claimed in claim 1 said apparatus furthercomprising a pair of banding straps for securing said carrier to theperiphery of said discs after said carrier has been wrapped around saiddiscs.
 3. Apparatus for transporting and forming a flat image receivingmedium to a precise curvature for recording an image thereon as claimedin claim 1, wherein said planar surface for accommodating the imagereceiving media is at or outside the neutral axis of curvature definedbetween said reference strips and the peripheries of said discs. 4.Apparatus for transporting and forming a flat image receiving medium toa precise curvature for recording an image thereon as claimed in claim3, wherein said carrier defines a supporting surface for two imagerecording media, the first media being immediately adjacent a portion ofthe carrier and outside the neutral axis of curvature, and the secondmedia overlying the first media and being supported at or outside theneutral axis of curvature defined by said precise cylindrical plane. 5.Apparatus for transporting and forming a flat image recording medium toa precise curvature for recording an image thereon as claimed in claim1, wherein said apparatus further comprises:(a) a carrier which definesa supporting surface for two superimposed image receiving media, thefirst media being immediately adjacent a portion of said carrier andoutside the neutral axis of curvature, and the second medium overlyingthe first media and being supported at or outside the neutral axis ofcurvature defined by said precise cylindrical plane, (b) said carrierfurther defining a plurality of vacuum passageways therein forevacuating air from between said image receiving media and said carrier,and a peripheral vacuum channel defined by said carrier around saidfirst image receiving media for evacuating air trapped between saidfirst and second media, and between said second media and said carrier.6. An apparatus for transporting and forming a flat image receivingmedium to a precise curvature as claimed in claim 5, wherein saidapparatus further comprises vacuum ports defined by said gripping meansto mate with the vacuum passageways defined by said carrier, whereby theair extracted from between said image media and said carrier isexhausted through said gripping means.
 7. An apparatus for transportingand forming a flat image recording medium to a precise curvature forrecording an image thereon as claimed in claim 5, wherein said apparatusfurther comprises a roller means for engaging and traversing the outersurface of said carrier and said second media to roll out any airtrapped thereunder.
 8. Apparatus for transporting and forming a flatimage receiving medium to a precise curvature for recording an imagethereon as claimed in claim 5, said apparatus further defining an airpressure sensing means to initiate the rotation of said reference discsafter a vacuum has been drawn in said carrier.
 9. An apparatus fortransporting and forming a flat image receiving medium to a precisecurvature for image recording thereon as claimed in claim 1, whereinsaid cylindrical discs support a plurality of gripping means spacedaround the discs for engaging a plurality of carriers which definesupporting surfaces for a plurality of said image receiving media. 10.An apparatus for transporting and forming a flat image receiving mediato a precise curvature for image recording thereon as claimed in claim1, wherein said apparatus further comprises:(a) a plurality ofpassageways defined by said carrier for evacuating air from between saidimage recording media and said carrier, (b) vacuum ports defined by saidgripping means to mate with the vacuum passageways defined by saidcarrier, whereby the air exhausted from between said image medium andsaid carrier is exhausted through said gripping means.
 11. An apparatusfor transporting a flat image recording medium and for forming it to aprecise curvature for image recording thereon as claimed in claim 10,wherein said carrier further comprises at least two retaining flaps,said flaps hingedly mounted on said recording medium and effecting avacuum seal around its outer periphery.
 12. Apparatus for transportingfirst and second superimposed image receiving medium and for formingthem to a precise curvature, for image recording thereon, said apparatuscomprising:(a) a pair of spaced cylindrical reference discs mounted forrotation about a common axis, (b) a flexible record carrier defining apair of flexible reference strips mounted thereon, said strips beingspaced to engage the spaced cylindrical discs and define a precisecylindrical plane therebetween, (c) first and second reference planesdefined by said carrier for receiving and supporting first and secondimage receiving medium, (d) vacuum passageways defined by said carrierfor evacuating air trapped between said image media and said carrier,(e) gripping means carried by said cylindrical discs for engaging andgripping said carrier and securing it to the periphery of said discs,(f) means for rotating said discs after said gripping means have engagedsaid carrier to wrap said carrier around said discs whereby saidreference planes defined by said carrier are positioned at or outsidesaid precise cylindrical plane, (g) means for exposing said imagereceiving medium to a focussed beam of modulated energy to record imageinformation on said medium.
 13. Apparatus for transporting first andsecond superimposed image receiving medium and for forming them to aprecise curvature as claimed in claim 12, said apparatus furthercomprising a pair of circumferential banding straps for securing saidcarrier to said discs after said carrier has been wrapped around saiddiscs.
 14. Apparatus for transporting first and second superimposedimage receiving medium and for forming them to a precise curvature asclaimed in claim 12, said apparatus further comprising:(a) a peripheralvacuum channel defined by said carrier around said first image receivingmedium for evacuating air trapped between the plural media and betweensaid first media and said carrier, (b) vacuum ports defined by saidgripping means to mate with the vacuum passageways defined by saidcarrier whereby the air exhausted from between said first imagereceiving media and the surface of said carrier, and from between saidplural media, is exhausted through said gripping means.
 15. Apparatusfor transporting first and second superimposed image receiving mediumand for forming them to a precise curvature as claimed in claim 14,wherein said apparatus further comprises roller means for engaging andtraversing the planar surface of said carrier and said second media toroll out any air trapped therebetween.
 16. Apparatus for transportingfirst and second superimposed image receiving medium and for formingthem to a precise curvature as claimed in claim 14, said apparatusfurther defining an air pressure sensing means to initiate the rotationof said discs after a vacuum has been drawn in said carrier.
 17. Anapparatus for transporting first and second superimposed image receivingmedium and for forming them to a precise curvature as claimed in claim12, wherein said cylindrical discs support a plurality of gripping meansspaced around the discs, for engaging a plurality of carriers whichdefine supporting surfaces for said image receiving media.